Keeping your pet hydrated is one of the most important steps you can take to protect their health and well-being. Dogs and cats rely on a steady intake of water to maintain normal body functions, regulate temperature, and support organ function. However, dehydration in dogs and cats can occur due to various reasons, leading to serious health concerns if left untreated.
What is Dehydration in Dogs & Cats?
Pet dehydration occurs when your pet loses an excessive amount of water from their body or an excessive intake of water into the body, leading to an imbalance in essential electrolytes and organ function. Dehydration can make your pet feel lethargic and can potentially cause severe problems with the kidneys and other internal organs if untreated. Both dogs and cats need a consistent water intake to stay healthy, and even mild dehydration can have serious consequences.
Understanding Hydration Needs in Pets
Hydration is crucial for pets’ proper circulation, digestion, and body temperature regulation. On average:
- Dogs need about one ounce of water per pound of body weight daily to stay hydrated.
- How much water do cats need to drink? A good rule of thumb is about 3.5 to 4.5 ounces of water per 5 pounds of body weight per day. Keep in mind that cats that eat dry food may need more water than those that consume wet food.
Why Proper Hydration is Essential for Dogs & Cats
Proper hydration supports vital functions such as kidney health, digestion, and joint lubrication. It also helps regulate body temperature, especially during hot weather or after exercise. Without proper hydration, pets may suffer from lethargy, organ stress, and other serious health issues.
Signs of Dehydration in Dogs
Dehydration in dogs can range from mild to severe, with symptoms worsening as their fluid levels decrease. A dehydrated dog may start to show subtle changes in behavior, such as reduced energy levels, reluctance to exercise, or increased rest periods. You might also notice changes in their drinking habits – either drinking excessively due to thirst or avoiding water due to nausea.
Common Symptoms of Dehydration in Dogs
- Dry or sticky gums
- Loss of skin elasticity
- Excessive panting
- Sunken eyes
- Lethargy or depression
- Decreased appetite
- Dark or reduced urine output
How to Check for Dehydration in Dogs
Dehydration often accompanies symptoms like vomiting, diarrhea, hypothermia (low body temperature), fever, no access to water, and other conditions. There are a few simple tests that you can do at home to check for dog dehydration:
- Skin Turgor Test – Gently pinch a fold of skin at the back of your dog’s neck or between the shoulder blades. If the skin does not snap back into place immediately, your dog may be dehydrated. After this test, if the skin does not return fully to its position, your pet may be severely dehydrated and may be in critical condition. Seek veterinary attention immediately.
- Gum Check – Touch your dog’s gums; they should be moist. If they feel sticky or dry, dehydration may be present.
- Capillary Refill Time – Press lightly on your dog’s gums until they turn white, then release. If color does not return within two seconds, dehydration could be a concern.
- Mouth – If the mouth, tongue, or gums are dry, your pet is suffering from dehydration. Also be sure to check on the mucus, if it’s thick and stringy, it’s another indication of dehydration.
- Eyes – Sunken and/or dry eyes may indicate dehydration and warrant veterinary attention.
Causes of Dehydration in Dogs
Several factors can contribute to dehydration in dogs, ranging from environmental conditions to underlying health problems.
Common Reasons Dogs Become Dehydrated
- Hot weather and excessive panting: Dogs regulate their body temperature by panting, but in extreme heat, they lose more moisture than they can replenish, leading to dehydration.
- Not drinking enough water: Some dogs may not drink enough due to stress, an unfamiliar environment, or an illness that reduces their thirst drive.
- Extended physical activity without hydration: High-energy activities such as running or hiking increase water loss through panting and sweating through their paws.
- Loss of fluids due to vomiting or diarrhea: Gastrointestinal issues can cause rapid fluid depletion, making it difficult for dogs to retain the necessary hydration levels.
Underlying Health Conditions That Lead to Dehydration
- Kidney disease
- Diabetes
- Fever or infections
- Heatstroke
- Digestive disorders
What to Do
- If your pet is suffering from moderate to severe pet dehydration, seek veterinary attention immediately.
- If pet dehydration is mild and there is no vomiting, give frequent, small amounts of water by mouth.
- If your pet is lethargic, in pain, or has not eaten for 24 hours, seek veterinary attention immediately.
What NOT to Do
- Do not allow your pet to have immediate free access to large amounts of water or other liquid.
- Do not feed your pet any dry food until directed to do so by a veterinary professional.
Treating Dehydration in Dogs
Mild dehydration can often be managed at home with increased water intake and careful monitoring, but more serious cases may require veterinary intervention. But if dehydration is left untreated, it can lead to serious health complications, including organ damage. This makes it very important to recognize when professional care is needed and can make a big difference in your dog’s recovery.
At-Home Remedies for Mild Dehydration
- Provide fresh, clean water in small amounts frequently.
- Offer ice cubes to encourage licking and slow water intake.
- Use pet-safe electrolyte solutions if recommended by a vet.
When to Seek Veterinary Care
If your dog refuses to drink, continues to vomit, or shows severe dehydration symptoms, seek immediate veterinary care. Severe dehydration may require IV fluids and hospitalization.
How to Prevent Dehydration in Dogs
Dogs rely on a consistent intake of water to regulate body temperature, support digestion, and keep their organs functioning properly. Ensuring your dog stays hydrated requires more than just providing water – it involves monitoring their drinking habits, adjusting hydration strategies based on activity levels and weather conditions, and incorporating moisture-rich foods when necessary.
Ensuring Proper Water Intake for Dogs
- Always have fresh water available.
- Use pet fountains to encourage drinking.
- Add water to dry food or offer wet food.
Hydration Tips for Active & Senior Dogs
- Bring a water bottle during walks and hikes.
- Provide shaded areas and cool spaces in hot weather.
- Offer multiple water bowls around the house for easy access.
Signs of Dehydration in Cats
Cats are more prone to dehydration due to their lower thirst drive. Recognizing symptoms early is essential so you can quickly take steps to take care of your feline friend.
Dehydration can develop gradually, making it difficult to notice until it becomes severe. A cat that is slightly dehydrated may show subtle changes in behavior, such as reduced activity levels, a dry coat, or an unwillingness to eat.
Common Symptoms of Dehydration in Cats
- Dry, sticky gums
- Loss of skin elasticity
- Decreased energy levels
- Sunken eyes
- Poor appetite
- Constipation
How to Check for Dehydration in Cats
Wondering how to know if your cat is dehydrated? Here are a few quick tests you can do:
- Skin Pinch Test – Gently pinch the skin between the shoulder blades. If it takes time to return to normal, your cat may be dehydrated.
- Gum Test – Dry or sticky gums indicate fluid loss.
- Urine Output – Less frequent urination or darker urine can be a sign of dehydration.
Causes of Dehydration in Cats
Dehydration in cats can result from a variety of factors, ranging from environmental influences to underlying medical conditions. Some of the most common causes of cat dehydration include:
- Inadequate water intake: Some cats simply do not drink enough water, particularly if they are fed a dry food diet with little moisture content.
- Hot weather and overheating: High temperatures can cause excessive water loss, making it essential for cats to have access to fresh, cool water at all times.
- Vomiting and diarrhea: Digestive issues can quickly deplete a cat’s fluids, leading to dehydration if not addressed promptly.
- Underlying medical conditions: Chronic illnesses like kidney disease, diabetes, and hyperthyroidism can cause excessive urination, increasing the risk of dehydration.
- Stress or anxiety: Cats experiencing stress may eat and drink less, making them susceptible to dehydration over time.
Why Cats Are More Prone to Dehydration
Unlike dogs, cats naturally have a low thirst drive and may not seek out water regularly. Plus, cats on a dry food diet are at higher risk of dehydration.
Medical Conditions That Contribute to Dehydration in Cats
- Kidney disease
- Diabetes
- Heat exhaustion
- Vomiting and diarrhea
Treating Dehydration in Cats
If your cat is showing signs of dehydration, there are some steps you can take to help at home. However, it is just as important to know when it is time to consult a professional.
Encouraging Hydration at Home
- Offer wet food to increase moisture intake.
- Use water fountains, as running water attracts cats.
- Provide multiple water sources around the home.
When to Take Your Cat to the Vet
If dehydration is severe or your cat refuses water, a veterinarian may need to administer fluids under the skin (subcutaneous fluids) or provide IV fluids in critical cases.
How to Prevent Dehydration in Cats
Preventing dehydration in cats can help your pet stay happy and healthy. Since cats are naturally low-thirst animals, they often do not drink enough water on their own. This means that pet owners must encourage hydration by providing fresh water sources, offering wet food, and making adjustments based on their cat’s unique preferences.
Best Ways to Encourage Cats to Drink More Water
- Use wide, shallow water bowls to avoid whisker stress.
- Keep water bowls clean and fresh.
- Experiment with flavored pet-safe broths.
The Role of Wet Food & Hydration in Cats
Wet food provides a significant amount of moisture, reducing the risk of dehydration. Mixing water into food can further boost hydration levels.
When to Seek Emergency Veterinary Care for Dehydration
Signs Your Pet Needs Immediate Medical Attention
- Severe lethargy or collapse
- Persistent vomiting or diarrhea
- Sunken eyes and extreme weakness
- Gums that are pale or tacky
How Vets Diagnose & Treat Severe Dehydration
Veterinarians diagnose dehydration through physical exams and blood tests. Treatment may include IV fluids, electrolyte balancing, and supportive care to restore hydration levels.
Keeping Your Pets Hydrated & Healthy
Final Tips for Preventing Dehydration in Dogs & Cats
- Monitor water intake daily.
- Adjust hydration strategies based on weather and activity levels.
- Ensure pets have access to fresh, clean water at all times.
How to Monitor Your Pet’s Hydration Levels Daily
- Track urine output and stool consistency.
- Observe changes in behavior and energy levels.
- Perform skin and gum hydration checks regularly.
Need a Veterinary Professional? Contact an UrgentVet Near You Today!
If you suspect dehydration in your dog or cat, don’t wait for symptoms to worsen. UrgentVet is open 365 days a year with walk-in appointments and online scheduling.
If you have any additional questions or have a pet dehydration situation on your hands, please contact us immediately. Our team is here to help you in your moment of need. Your pet can’t wait to feel better. Find your nearest UrgentVet location and get compassionate urgent veterinary services when you need it most!
Article Updated: March 1, 2025
Original Article Published: May 17, 2019
Image Credit: New Africa / Shutterstock